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駭客任務 The Matrix
駭客任務海報
基本資料
導演	沃卓斯基兄弟
監製	喬·西佛
編劇	沃卓斯基兄弟
演出	勞倫斯·費許朋 [zh-hant:凱莉·安摩絲;zh-hans:嘉利·安慕絲;zh-hk:嘉利·安慕絲 雨果·威明 喬·派托里安諾 葛洛莉亞·福斯特
音樂	唐·戴維斯
攝影	比爾·波普
剪輯	賽克·史坦柏
製片公司	華納兄弟
發行公司	華納兄弟
上映日期	1999年3月31日 1999年4月9日 1999年6月11日 1999年6月12日
片長	136 分鐘
產地	美國 澳洲
語言	英語
預算	6千3百萬美元
票房	全美 $171,479,930 外地 $288,900,000 全美 $460,379,930
續集	《駭客任務2︰重裝上陣》
各地片名翻譯
中國大陸	黑客帝国
香港	廿二世紀殺人網絡
台灣	駭客任務
All Movie Guide 資訊（英語）
IMDb 資訊（英語）

駭客任務（The Matrix）是一部1999年好萊塢科幻電影。由沃卓斯基兄弟執導、基努·李維（Keanu Reeves）、勞倫斯·費許朋（Laurence Fishburne）等主演，及由香港電影武術指導袁和平作動作指導。本片另於2003年推出續集及第三集。

在最近一次歐美科學家的票選中，駭客任務被科學家們選為最喜愛的科幻電影的第一名，另外在榜上的還有銀翼殺手（Blade Runner）以及2001太空漫遊（2001: The Space Odyssey）。

目錄 [隱藏] 1 劇情介紹 2 駭客任務內含的哲學思想 3 特效 4 爭議 5 演員表 6 原著作者 7 相關條目 8 參考文獻 9 外部連結

[編輯] 劇情介紹

電腦駭客 Neo 一直過著平常的生活，直到他和神秘人物 Morpheus 聯繫上。Morpheus 把他帶到了『真實』的世界：公元2199年，整個世界由先進的人工智慧機器所統治。機器創造出一個模擬環境——The Matrix（母體）用以控制人類，並從人類身上吸取能源。Morpheus 用其一生的時間尋找「救世主」（The One）以摧毀 Matrix 並領導人類推翻機器的統治，重建地球。他相信 Neo 就是救世主。而 Neo 有自己的疑慮：先知（Oracle）告訴他，他不是 The One，而且他將在救Morpheus 和救自己之間做出選擇。

在從先知的住處返回的途中，一行人被電腦特工史密斯（Agent Smith）發現。Morpheus 為了保護 Neo，落入史密斯之手。Tank 打敗叛徒 Cypher，並將 Neo 和 Trinity(聖三一)救出母體，。之後為了救Morpheus，Neo 和 Trinity 再次返回母體，經過激烈的搏鬥之後終於成功救出了 Morpheus。然而 Neo 卻沒能返回真實世界，被特工 Smith 擊斃。正當特工們要離開時，Neo 復活了，此時的他已不再是一個簡單的程序，他看清了母體的內部代碼，並且一招打敗了 Smith。

之後的故事在駭客任務2︰重裝上陣中繼續發展。

[編輯] 駭客任務內含的哲學思想

哲學、神學、無神論都在《駭客任務》裡有濃重的表現。諾斯替教的教徒也會注意到很多相關的主題。還有很多內容涉及印度教、佛教、道教和基督教，還蘊含啟蒙、涅槃、重生的概念。對印度教和佛教的深度涉及包括自由意志對抗命運，還在電影的配樂中使用印度教的頌歌、理念、虛幻 (Maya) 、因果報應 (Karma) 和自然存在的多種觀點。《駭客任務》以很多方式解析真實、超現實，還有人的觀點是，實質的、物理的世界才是虛幻。

一些基督教自由主義者說我們正生活在這樣的世界，離開這個世界的方法就是被教化、啟蒙。他們相信達到啟蒙的人有亞伯拉罕 (相傳為希伯來人的始祖) 、摩西 (《聖經》故事中猶太人古代領袖) 、施洗約翰、耶穌和穆罕默德 (伊斯蘭教創始人) 。他們認為電影中Neo、Morpheus和Cypher對應聖經新約中的耶穌、施洗約翰和猶大。這些基督教自由主義者相信駭客任務和現實唯一的區別是，外部世界應該是天堂而不是電影中描述的黑暗的世界。

現在有許多書和網站探討駭客任務哲學。其中最主要的探討是這個問題：我的世界是真實的還是虛擬的？這個是模擬現實的核心問題, 而其他電影亦有提出，譬如eXistenZ和The Thirteenth Floor (都和《駭客任務》同年發行，但在票房和受注意度都不及《駭客任務》) 。還有相似的電影，The Truman Show (楚門的世界) 和Abre los ojos (翻拍為Vanilla Sky) 。這個學說還被哲學家Nick Bostrom升級，寫成《你生活在一個電腦世界嗎？》

《駭客任務》以相似的文學精度跟隨《Campbellian monomyth arc》的所有階段，甚至包括周游，大戰發生於地下這樣的細節，甚至三個頭的永生敵人 (電影中三個特工) 。

先知的角色類似古希臘神話中的先知角色。細緻的說，她對Neo的警告十分類似神話中先知給斯巴達王列奧尼達一世在塞莫皮萊大戰前的警告。在希臘神話中，她警告列奧尼達一世說，要麼他的城市被毀滅，要麼一個斯巴達國王必須死去，所以列奧尼達一世必須選擇自己的生命或是整個城市的命運。深遠的說，如果Neo選擇救自己的命，Smith就能從Morpheus那裡得到進入Zion城的密碼，那Zion就會毀滅。所以，根本上說，Neo的選擇和列奧尼達一世一樣：他自己的生命，或是整個城市的命運。

《駭客任務》背後的觀點基於哲學的認識論，比如柏拉圖的洞穴理論和笛卡爾的《第一哲學沉思錄》。在一個唯我論的著名的實驗中，物體只是缸中之腦；《駭客任務》里，Neo是被裝在營養皿中。是否選擇紅藥片，接受真實的選擇類似上世紀70年代的一個美國哲學家羅伯特·諾齊克(Robert Nozick) 設想的一個實驗。

後現代思潮在電影中也有重要的地位。在電影開頭，Neo藏非法軟體的書是法國哲學家讓·鮑德里亞 (Jean Baudrillard) 的《模仿和擬像》 (Simulacra and Simulation) ，這部作品描述了基於擬像的超現實體驗。人們往往用鮑德里亞的哲學來論證《駭客任務》是對現代商業化，媒體化社會的寓言。

Morpheus的著名臺詞"pulled over our eyes to blind us from the truth" (拉到我們眼前來使我們看不到真實) 直接來自Charle Peirce的言論。

[編輯] 特效

駭客任務中的動作戲多用稱作「子彈時間」的特殊慢鏡頭處理。被譽為是拍攝手法的經典，之後的許多電影都可以看到類似駭客任務慢動作的場景。

[編輯] 爭議

電影中提到的「母體使用人類作為能源」的說法是沒有科學依據的。根據熱力學定律，人體不可能創造能量，人體要維持生存所須攝入的能量，必定大於其向外界釋放的能量。事實上，在最初的劇本中，使用的是「母體使用人類的大腦作為並行處理機」這一解釋。但後來考慮到公眾的接受程度，故改成了現在電影中的說法。 然而，「以人類作為能源」本身是一個沒有官方更正的誤解。《駭客任務藝術》一書收錄了駭客任務拍攝的最後一版劇本（98年版），其中的解釋是機器發明了一種新的核能發電法，但是需要少量的電能起始發電過程。而根據《第二次文藝復興》中的解釋，機器最初用人發電為解燃眉之急，並沒有用人類開始循環發電。之後，機器簡化發電步驟，捨棄潮汐能，地熱等等需要新設備的發電方法，直接用人類的少量體能起始核電過程。事實上，在電影中，Morpheus確實提到了「裂變」，但是沒有如劇本中一樣明確解釋，以致造成誤解。

[編輯] 演員表

• 基努·李維（Keanu Reeves） .... Neo
• 勞倫斯·費許朋（Laurence Fishburne） .... Morpheus
• 凱莉安摩絲（Carrie-Anne Moss） .... Trinity
• 雨果威明（Hugo Weaving） .... Agent Smith
• Gloria Foster .... Oracle
• Joe Pantoliano .... Cypher
• Marcus Chong .... Tank
• Julian Arahanga .... Apoc
• Matt Doran .... Mouse
• Belinda McClory .... Switch
• Anthony Ray Parker .... Dozer
• Paul Goddard .... Agent Brown
• Robert Taylor .... Agent Jones
• David Aston .... Rhineheart
• Marc Gray .... Choi

[編輯] 原著作者

駭客任務原著作者為電影導演兼編劇沃卓斯基兄弟本人。在他們與駭客任務影迷的一次網上聊天^[1]中透露了駭客任務系列創意的開始。當時沃卓斯基兄弟在製作一個和駭客任務無關的漫畫，一位同事問他們有何新的漫畫創意，由於當時賽博朋克科幻小說比較熱門，他們就以賽博朋克創意開始構思，在三天內構思出了駭客任務故事的大綱。由於沃卓斯基兄弟非常低調，我們只能推測駭客任務劇本誕生的時間。駭客任務製片人Joel Silver說過駭客任務的劇本在《V字仇殺隊》（84年）後寫成，88年，沃卓斯基兄弟暫時離開了漫畫業，在好萊塢撰寫劇本，所以《駭客任務》最初的劇本是在84年到88年的一段時間中完成的。 《駭客任務》第一部的修改並不大，一些被刪除的部分也以其他形式保存下來，例如駭客任務漫畫《真實世界沒有花朵》的故事就是原劇本里的。然而，《駭客任務》兩部續集的原劇本被完全拋棄，我們看到的電影的劇本是在《駭客任務》第一部上映後以相似的思路，但不同的故事結構重寫的。

[編輯] 相關條目

• 駭客任務2︰重裝上陣（The Matrix: Reloaded）
• 駭客任務3︰最後戰役（The Matrix: Revolutions）
• 駭客任務動畫外傳 (The Animatrix）
• 駭客任務︰重裝上陣 (遊戲) (Enter The Matrix）
• 駭客任務Online (The Matrix Online）

[編輯] 參考文獻

[編輯] 外部連結

• 電影官方網頁
• IMDB電影資料
• 駭客任務一個21世紀娛樂圖騰的誕生
• 駭客任務第一部解讀
• 駭客任務第二部解讀
• 駭客任務第三部解讀
• 最權威的中文駭客任務論壇

顯示▼隱藏▲ 檢 • 論 • 編 • 歷 駭客任務系列
電影系列	駭客任務 • 駭客任務：重裝上陣 • 駭客任務：最後戰役
電玩遊戲	駭客任務：重裝上陣 • 駭客任務Online • 駭客任務：關鍵抉擇
系列人物	尼歐 • 莫菲斯 • 崔妮蒂 • 史密斯幹員 • 祭師 • 賽洛芙 • 沙蒂 • 造物主 • 梅若賓基恩
其他	駭客任務動畫外傳
相關主題	子彈時間 • 賽博朋克 • 動作武打電影 • 模擬現實 • 虛擬現實

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Matrix
Directed by	The Wachowski Brothers
Produced by	Joel Silver
Written by	The Wachowski Brothers
Starring	Keanu Reeves Laurence Fishburne Carrie-Anne Moss Hugo Weaving Joe Pantoliano Gloria Foster
Music by	Don Davis
Cinematography	Bill Pope
Editing by	Zach Staenberg
Distributed by	Warner Bros, Village Roadshow Pictures
Release date(s)	USA, Canada: March 31 1999 UK: 11 June 1999 Australia: 9 April 1999
Running time	136 min.
Country	USA Australia
Language	English
Budget	$63,000,000
Gross revenue	$460,379,930
Followed by	The Matrix Reloaded
All Movie Guide profile
IMDb profile

The Matrix is a 1999 science fiction action film written and directed by Larry and Andy Wachowski and starring Keanu Reeves, Laurence Fishburne, Carrie-Anne Moss, Joe Pantoliano, and Hugo Weaving. It was first released in the USA on March 31, 1999, and is the first entry in The Matrix series of films, comics, video games and animation.

The film describes a future in which reality perceived by humans is actually the Matrix, a simulated reality created by sentient machines in order to pacify and subdue the human population while their bodies' heat and electrical activity are used as an energy source. Upon learning this, computer programmer "Neo" is drawn into a rebellion against the machines. The film contains numerous references to the cyberpunk and hacker subcultures; philosophical and religious ideas; and homages to Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, Hong Kong action movies, Spaghetti Westerns and Japanese animation.

Contents [hide] 1 Plot 2 Cast and characters 3 Production 3.1 Casting 3.2 Production design 3.3 Visual effects 3.4 Music 4 Release 4.1 Critical reception 4.2 Awards and nominations 5 Influences and interpretations 6 Influence on filmmaking 7 The Matrix series 8 Notes and references 9 External links

[edit] Plot

Computer programmer Thomas A. Anderson leads a secret life as a hacker under the alias "Neo". He wishes to learn the answer to the question: "What is the Matrix?" Cryptic messages appearing on his computer monitor and an encounter with several sinister agents leads him to a group led by the mysterious Morpheus, a man who offers him the chance to learn the truth about the Matrix.

Neo accepts. Swallowing a red pill, he abruptly wakes up naked in a liquid-filled chamber, his body connected by wires to a vast mechanical tower covered with identical pods. The connections are severed and he is rescued by Morpheus and taken aboard his hovercraft, the Nebuchadnezzar. Neo's neglected physical body is restored, and Morpheus explains the situation.

The year is estimated to be around 2199, and humanity is fighting a war against intelligent machines created in the early 21st century. The sky is covered in thick black clouds created by the humans in an attempt to cut off the machines' supply of solar power. The machines responded by using human beings as their energy source, growing countless people in pods and harvesting their bioelectrical energy and body heat. The world which Neo has inhabited since birth is the Matrix, an illusory simulated reality construct of the world of 1999, developed by the machines to keep the human population docile. Morpheus and his crew are a group of free humans who "unplug" others from the Matrix and recruit them to their resistance against the machines. Within the Matrix they are able to use their understanding of its nature to bend the laws of physics within the simulation, giving them superhuman abilities. Morpheus believes that Neo is "the One", a man prophesied to end the war through his limitless control over the Matrix.

Neo is trained to become a member of the group. A socket in the back of Neo's skull, formerly used to connect him to the Matrix, allows knowledge to be uploaded directly into his mind. He learns numerous martial arts disciplines, and demonstrates his kung fu skills by sparring with Morpheus in a virtual reality "construct" environment similar to the Matrix, impressing the crew with his speed. Further training introduces Neo to the key dangers in the Matrix itself. Injuries suffered there are reflected in the real world; if he is killed in the Matrix, his physical body will also die. He is warned of the presence of Agents, powerful and fast sentient programs with the ability to take over the virtual body of anyone still connected to the system, whose purpose is to seek out and eliminate any threats to the simulation. Yet Morpheus predicts that, once Neo fully understands his own abilities as "the One", they will be no match for him.

The group enters the Matrix and takes Neo to the apartment of the Oracle, the woman who has predicted the eventual emergence of the One. She tells Neo that he has "the gift", but that he is waiting for something, perhaps the next life. Neo interprets from this that he is not "the One". She adds that Morpheus believes in Neo so blindly that he will sacrifice his life to save him. Returning to the hacked telephone line which serves as a safe "exit" from the Matrix, the group is ambushed by Agents and police officers, and Morpheus is captured as Neo and the others escape. The group was betrayed by one crew-member, Cypher, who preferred his old life in ignorance of the real world's hardships, and made a deal with the Agents to give them Morpheus in exchange for a permanent return to the Matrix. The betrayal leads to the deaths of all crew-members except Neo, Trinity, Tank, and Morpheus, who is imprisoned in a government building within the Matrix. The Agents attempt to gain information from him regarding access codes to the mainframe of Zion, the humans’ last refuge which is deep underground. Neo and Trinity return to the Matrix and storm the building, rescuing their leader. Neo becomes more confident and familiar with manipulating the Matrix, ultimately dodging bullets fired at him by an Agent. Morpheus and Trinity use a subway station telephone to exit the Matrix, but before Neo can leave, he is ambushed by Agent Smith. He stands his ground and eventually defeats Smith, but flees when the Agent possesses another body.

As Neo runs through the city towards another telephone exit, he is pursued by the Agents while "Sentinel" machines converge on the Nebuchadnezzar's position in the real world. Neo reaches an exit, but he is shot dead by the pursuing Agent Smith. Back on-board the Nebuchadnezzar, in the real world, Trinity whispers to Neo that she was told by the Oracle that she would fall in love with "the One", implying that Neo is "the One". She refuses to accept his death and kisses him. Neo's heart beats again, and within the Matrix he stands up; the Agents shoot at him, but he raises his palm and stops their bullets in mid-air. Neo sees the Matrix as it really is: lines of streaming green code; he finally becomes "the One". Agent Smith makes a final attempt to physically attack him, but his punches are effortlessly blocked, and Neo destroys him. The other two Agents flee, and Neo returns to the real world just in time for the ship's EMP weapon to destroy the Sentinels that had already breached the hull of the ship. A short epilogue shows Neo back in the Matrix, making a telephone call promising that he will demonstrate to the people imprisoned in the Matrix that "anything is possible." He hangs up the phone and flies into the sky above the city.

[edit] Cast and characters

See also: The Matrix character names

• Keanu Reeves as Thomas A. Anderson / Neo: A computer programmer who moonlights as the hacker Neo, later to realise he is the One when trying to rescue Morpheus from the Agents.
• Laurence Fishburne as Morpheus: A human freed from the Matrix, captain of the Nebuchadnezzar. He was the one who found Neo.
• Carrie-Anne Moss as Trinity: Freed by Morpheus, crewman of the Nebuchadnezzar and Neo's romantic interest.
• Hugo Weaving as Agent Smith: A sentient "Agent" program of the Matrix whose purpose is to destroy Zion and stop humans from getting out of the Matrix.
• Joe Pantoliano as Cypher: Another freed by Morpheus, he betrays the Nebuchadnezzar's crew to the Agents to ensure his return to the Matrix because "Ignorance is bliss."
• Julian Arahanga as Apoc: A freed human and crew member on the Nebuchadnezzar.
• Anthony Ray Parker as Dozer: A “natural” human, with no plugs for the Matrix, and pilot of the Nebuchadnezzar.
• Marcus Chong as Tank: Dozer's brother, operates the training simulation, also a "natural" human and operator of the Nebuchadnezzar.
• Matt Doran as Mouse: A freed human and programmer on the Nebuchadnezzar.
• Gloria Foster as the Oracle: Exiled program who still resides in the Matrix, helping the freed humans with her foresight and wisdom.
• Belinda McClory as Switch: A human freed by Morpheus and crew member of the Nebuchadnezzar.
• Paul Goddard as Agent Brown: One of two sentient "Agent" programs in the Matrix who work with Agent Smith to destroy Zion and stop humans escaping the system.
• Robert Taylor as Agent Jones: Second sentient "Agent" program.

[edit] Production

The Matrix was a co-production of Warner Bros. Studios and Australian Village Roadshow Pictures, and all but a few scenes were filmed at Fox Studios in Sydney, Australia, and the city itself. Recognizable landmarks were not included in order to maintain the setting of a generic American city. Nevertheless, the Sydney Harbour Bridge, AWA Tower,Martin Place and a Commonwealth Bank branch are visible in some shots. Subtle nods were included to Chicago, Illinois, the home city of the directors, through place names, city maps, and a subtly placed picture of the Sears Tower.^{[citation needed]}

The rooftop set that Trinity uses to escape from Agent Jones early in the film was left over from the production of Dark City, which has been remarked upon due to the thematic similarities of the films.^[1] According to The Art of the Matrix, at least one filmed scene and a variety of short pieces of action were omitted from the final cut, and have (to date) not been published.

The Wachowski Brothers were keen that all involved understood the thematic background of the movie.^{[citation needed]} For example the book used to conceal disks early in the movie, Simulacra and Simulation by the French Philosopher Jean Baudrillard, was required reading for most of the principal cast and crew.

[edit] Casting

Actor Will Smith turned down the role of Neo. He later stated that, if given the role at that time, he "would have messed it up".^[2] Nicholas Cage turned down the role because of "family obligations".^[3] Carrie Anne Moss had co-starred in a fantasy television series entitled Matrix several years before production of The Matrix. That series ran for only 13 episodes but was rebroadcast in several countries after The Matrix became a hit.

[edit] Production design

In the film, the code that comprises the Matrix itself is frequently represented as downward-flowing green characters. This code includes mirror images of half-width kana characters and Western Latin letters and numerals. In one scene, the pattern of trickling rain on a window being cleaned resembles this code. More generally, the film's production design placed a bias towards its distinctive green color for scenes set within the Matrix, whereas there is an emphasis on the color blue during the scenes set in the real world. In addition, grid-patterns were incorporated into the sets for scenes inside the Matrix, intended to convey the cold, logical, artificial nature of that environment.^[4]

The "digital rain" is strongly reminiscent of similar computer code in the film Ghost in the Shell, an acknowledged influence on the Matrix series (see below). The linking of the color green to computers may have been intended to evoke the green tint of old monochrome computer monitors.

[edit] Visual effects

The film is known for developing and popularizing the use of a visual effect known as "bullet time", which allows the viewer to explore a moment progressing in slow-motion as the camera appears to orbit around the scene at normal speed.

One proposed technique for creating these effects involved accelerating a high-frame-rate motion picture camera along a fixed track at a high speed to capture the action as it occurred. However, this was discarded as unfeasible, as the destruction of the camera in the attempt was all but inevitable. Instead, the method used was a technically expanded version of an old art photography technique known as time-slice photography, in which a large number of cameras are placed around an object and fired nearly simultaneously. Each camera is a "still" camera, not a motion picture camera, and contributes one frame to the sequence. When the sequence of shots is viewed as a movie, the viewer sees what is in effect two-dimensional "slices" of a three-dimensional moment. Watching such a "time slice" movie is akin to the real-life experience of walking around a statue to see how it looks from different angles. The positioning of the still cameras can be varied along any desired smooth curve to produce a smooth looking camera motion in the finished clip, and the timing of each camera's firing may be delayed, if desired, so that a motion scene can be executed (albeit over a very short period of movie time.)

Some scenes in The Matrix feature the "time-slice" effect with completely frozen characters and objects. Interpolation techniques improved the fluidity of the apparent "camera motion". The effect was further expanded upon by the Wachowski brothers and visual effects supervisor John Gaeta to create "bullet time", which incorporates temporal motion, so that rather than being totally frozen the scene progresses in slow and variable motion. Engineers at Manex Visual Effects pioneered 3D visualization planning methods to move beyond mechanically fixed views towards complex camera paths and flexibly moving interest points. There is also an improved fluidity through the use of non-linear interpolation, digital compositing and the introduction of computer generated "virtual" scenery.

The objective of bullet time shots in The Matrix was to creatively illustrate "mind over matter" type events as captured by a "virtual camera". However, the original technical approach was physically bound to pre-determined perspectives, and the resulting effect only suggested the capabilities of a true virtual camera.

The evolution of photogrametric and image based CGI background approaches in The Matrix's bullet time shots set the stage for later innovations unveiled in the sequels The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions. Virtual Cinematography (CGI-rendered characters, locations and events) and the high-definition Universal Capture process completely replaced the use of still camera arrays, thus realising the virtual camera.

This film upset the juggernaut release of Star Wars Episode I: The Phantom Menace by winning the Academy Award for Visual Effects.

[edit] Music

See also: The Matrix: Original Motion Picture Score and The Matrix: Music from the Motion Picture

The film's score was composed by Don Davis. He noted that mirrors appear frequently in the movie: reflections of the blue and red pills are seen in Morpheus's glasses; Neo's capture by Agents is viewed through the rear-view mirror of Trinity's motorcycle; Neo observes a broken mirror mending itself; reflections warp as a spoon is bent; the reflection of a helicopter is visible as it approaches a skyscraper. (The film also frequently references the book Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, which has a sequel entitled Through the Looking-Glass.) Davis focused on this theme of reflections when creating his score, alternating between sections of the orchestra and attempting to incorporate contrapuntal ideas.^[5]

In addition to Davis's score, The Matrix's soundtrack also features music from acts such as Rammstein, Rob Dougan, Rage Against the Machine, Propellerheads, Ministry, Deftones, The Prodigy, Rob Zombie, Meat Beat Manifesto, Massive Attack and Marilyn Manson.

[edit] Release

The Matrix was first released in the U.S. on 31 March 1999. It earned $171 million in the U.S. and $460 million worldwide,^[6] and later became the first DVD to sell more than three million copies in the U.S.^[7] The Ultimate Matrix Collection was released on HD DVD on May 22, 2007.^[8]

[edit] Critical reception

The combination of special-effects-laden action and philosophical meandering was considered fresh and exciting.^[9] Philip Strick commented in Sight & Sound, "if the Wachowskis claim no originality of message, they are startling innovators of method", praising the film's details and its "broadside of astonishing images".^[10] Roger Ebert praised the film's visuals and premise, but disliked the third act's focus on action.^[11] Similarly, Time Out praised the "entertainingly ingenious" switches between different realities, Hugo Weaving's "engagingly odd" performance, and the film's cinematography and production design, but concluded, "the promising premise is steadily wasted as the film turns into a fairly routine action pic… yet another slice of overlong, high concept hokum".^[12] Other reviewers criticised the comparative humorlessness and self-indulgence of the movie.^[13][14]

In 2001, The Matrix was placed 66th in the American Film Institute's "100 Years... 100 Thrills" list. In 2007, Entertainment Weekly called The Matrix the best science-fiction piece of media for the past 25 years.^[15]

Several science fiction creators commented on the film. Author William Gibson, a key figure in cyberpunk fiction, called the film "an innocent delight I hadn't felt in a long time", and stated, "Neo is my favourite-ever science fiction hero, absolutely".^[16] Joss Whedon called the film "my number one" and praised its storytelling, structure and depth, concluding, "It works on whatever level you want to bring to it."^[17] Filmmaker Darren Aronofsky commented,^[18] "I walked out of The Matrix [...] and I was thinking, 'What kind of science fiction movie can people make now?' The Wachowskis basically took all the great sci-fi ideas of the 20th century and rolled them into a delicious pop culture sandwich that everyone on the planet devoured."

[edit] Awards and nominations

The Matrix received Oscars for film editing, sound effects editing, visual effects, and sound.^[19][20] In 1999, it won Saturn Awards for Best Science Fiction Film and Best Direction.^[21] The Matrix also received BAFTA awards for Best Sound and Best Achievement in Special Visual Effects, in addition to nominations in the cinematography, production design and editing categories.^[22]

[edit] Influences and interpretations

See also: Influences and interpretations of The Matrix

The Matrix is arguably the ultimate "cyberpunk" artifact. William Gibson, 2003-01-28[23]

The Matrix makes numerous references to recent films and literature, and to historical myths and philosophy including Messianism, Buddhism, Gnosticism, Christianity, Existentialism, Nihilism, Vedanta, Advaita Hinduism, Yoga Vashishta Hinduism, Sikhism and the Tarot. The film's premise resembles Plato's Allegory of the cave, René Descartes's evil genius, Kant's reflections on the Phenomenon versus the Ding an sich, and the brain in a vat thought experiment, while Jean Baudrillard's Simulacra and Simulation is featured in the film. There are similarities to cyberpunk works such as Neuromancer by William Gibson.^[24]

Japanese director Mamoru Oshii's Ghost in the Shell was a strong influence. Producer Joel Silver has stated that the Wachowski brothers first described their intentions for The Matrix by showing him that anime and saying, "We wanna do that for real".^[25][26] Mitsuhisa Ishikawa of Production I.G., which produced Ghost in the Shell, noted that the anime's high-quality visuals were a strong source of inspiration for the Wachowski brothers. He also commented, "... cyberpunk films are very difficult to describe to a third person. I'd imagine that The Matrix is the kind of film that was very difficult to draw up a written proposal for to take to film studios." He stated that since Ghost in the Shell had gained recognition in America, the Wachowski brothers used it as a "promotional tool".^[27]

Reviewers have commented on similarities between The Matrix and other late-1990s films such as Strange Days, Dark City, and The Truman Show.^[11][28][29] Comparisons have also been made to Grant Morrison's comic series The Invisibles; Morrison believes that the Wachowski brothers essentially plagiarized his work to create the film.^[30] In addition, the similarity of the film's central concept to a device in the long running series Doctor Who has also been noted. As in the film, the Matrix of that series (introduced in the 1976 serial The Deadly Assassin) is a massive computer system which one enters using a device connecting to the head, allowing users to see representations of the real world and change its laws of physics; but if killed there, they will die in reality.^[31] There is also a similar "Matrix" used by the Travellers in Paul Cornell's 1992 Doctor Who spin-off novel Love and War, in which a socket at the top of the spine is used to plug into the Matrix.

[edit] Influence on filmmaking

The Matrix has had a strong effect on action film-making in Hollywood. It upped the ante for cinematic fight scenes by hiring acclaimed choreographers (such as Yuen Woo-ping) from the Hong Kong action cinema scene, well-known for its production of martial arts films. The success of The Matrix put those choreographers in high demand by other filmmakers who wanted fights of similar sophistication: for example, Yuen Woo-ping's brother Yuen Cheung-Yan was choreographer on Daredevil (2003). There was a surge in movies, commercials and pop videos copying "the Matrix look", usually without the training and attention to detail that made it successful in the first place.^{[citation needed]}

Following The Matrix, films made abundant use of slow-motion, spinning cameras, and, often, the famed bullet time effect of a character freezing or slowing down and the camera panning around them. The bullet time effect has also been parodied numerous times, in comedy films such as Scary Movie, Deuce Bigalow: Male Gigolo, Shrek and Kung Pow: Enter the Fist; in TV series such as The Simpsons and Family Guy; in the OVA series FLCL; and in video games such as Conker's Bad Fur Day.

In 2005 a feature-length parody of the Matrix series called The Helix...Loaded starring Scott Levy as the Neo character and Vanilla Ice was released.

[edit] The Matrix series

Main article: The Matrix (series)

The film's mainstream success led to the greenlighting of the next two films of what was conceived as a trilogy,^{[citation needed]} The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions. These were filmed simultaneously during one shoot and released in two parts in 2003. The first film's introductory tale is replaced by a story centered on the impending attack of the human enclave of Zion by a vast machine army. Neo also learns more about the history of the Matrix, his role as the One and the prophecy that he will end the war. The sequels also incorporate longer and more ambitious action scenes, as well as improvements in bullet time and other visual effects.

Also released was The Animatrix, a collection of nine animated short films, many of which were created in the same Japanese animation style that was a strong influence on the live trilogy. The Animatrix was overseen and approved by the Wachowski brothers but they only wrote four of the segments themselves and did not direct any of them; much of the project was created by notable figures from the world of anime. Four of the films were originally released on the series' official website; one was shown in cinemas with the Warner Bros movie Dreamcatcher; the others first appeared with the DVD release of all nine shorts. Several of the films were shown first on UK television prior to their DVD release.

The franchise contains three video games: Enter the Matrix (2003), which contains footage shot specifically for the game and chronicles events taking place before and during The Matrix Reloaded; The Matrix Online (2004), a MMORPG which continues the story beyond The Matrix Revolutions; and The Matrix: Path of Neo, which was released 8 November 2005 and focuses on situations based on Neo's journey through the trilogy of films.

Available on the official website are a number of free comics set in the world of The Matrix, written and illustrated by figures from the comics industry.^[32] Some of these comics are also available in two printed volumes.

[edit] Notes and references

[edit] External links

• The Matrix at the Internet Movie Database
• The Matrix at Rotten Tomatoes
• Official website
• The Matrix script by Andy & Larry Wachowski

Awards
Preceded by Armageddon (1998 film) & Dark City	Saturn Award for Best Science Fiction Film 1999	Succeeded by X-Men

[hide] v • d • e The Matrix series
The Matrix • The Matrix Reloaded • The Matrix Revolutions
The Animatrix:	Final Flight of the Osiris • The Second Renaissance • Kid's Story • Program • World Record • Beyond • A Detective Story • Matriculated
Soundtracks:	The Matrix: Music from the Motion Picture • The Matrix: Original Motion Picture Score • The Matrix Reloaded: The Album • The Animatrix: The Album • The Matrix Revolutions: Music from the Motion Picture • Enter the Matrix: Original Soundtrack from the Videogame • The Matrix: Path of Neo - Music from the Video Game
Video games:	Enter the Matrix • The Matrix Online • The Matrix: Path of Neo
Characters:	Neo • Trinity • Morpheus • Agent Smith • Agents • Oracle • Architect • Niobe • Merovingian • Persephone • Sati • Seraph • Twins • Deus Ex Machina • Minor human characters • Programs and machines
Locations:	The Matrix universe • Mega City • Club Hel • Mobil Ave. • Zero One (Machine City) • Zion • New Zion • Ships from The Matrix series
Cast and crew:	Wachowski Brothers • Keanu Reeves • Laurence Fishburne • Carrie-Anne Moss • Hugo Weaving • Jada Pinkett Smith • Owen Paterson • John Gaeta • Geof Darrow • Steve Skroce
Other topics:	The Matrix Comics • Matrix digital rain • The Matrix character names • The Matrix Revisited • The Zion Archive • The Ultimate Matrix Collection • Matrix cell phone • Bluepill • Redpill
Related topics:	Bullet time • Cyberpunk • Digitalism • The Hero's Journey  • Martial arts film • Simulated reality • Virtual reality • The Official Matrix Exhibit • Cadillac CTS

[編輯首段]維基百科，自由的百科全書

駭客任務2：重裝上陣 The Matrix Reloaded
電影官方海報
基本資料
導演	沃卓斯基兄弟
監製	喬·西佛
編劇	沃卓斯基兄弟
演出	基努·李維 勞倫斯·費許朋 凱莉·安摩斯 雨果·威明 丹尼爾·伯哈特 莫妮卡·貝路琪 傑達·史密斯
發行公司	華納兄弟
上映日期	2003年5月13日 2003年5月15日 2003年5月22日 2003年7月19日
片長	138 分鐘
語言	英語
預算	$150,000,000 (估計)
票房	全美 $281,576,461 外地 $457,023,240 全球 $738,599,701
前集	《駭客任務》
續集	《駭客任務3：最後戰役》
各地片名翻譯
中國大陸	黑客帝国2︰重裝上陣
香港	廿二世紀殺人網絡2︰決戰未來
台灣	駭客任務2︰重裝上陣
IMDb 資訊（英語）

《駭客任務2︰重裝上陣》 (The Matrix Reloaded) 是一部好萊塢的科幻電影，在2003年上映。由沃卓斯基兄弟執導、基努·李維（Keanu Reeves）、勞倫斯·費許朋（Laurence Fishburne）等主演，及由香港電影武術指導袁和平作動作指導。今集是整個系列的第二集，上一集為《駭客任務》。

[編輯] 劇情簡介

在顯示出The One身份不久後，Neo進一步學會運用他在Matrix的超級能力，包括看清周圍人和物的代碼，以及飛行。人類的革命也劇烈反轉，越來越多的人從Matrix中獲得了自由，與此同時Neo開始不斷的夢見Trinity 的死亡。另一方面，機器聚集了一支大量的軍隊進攻人類抵抗的中心，真實世界最後的城市Zion。Morpheus和Neo則焦急的等待和先知的聯繫，他們相信，先知會告訴他們如何阻止災難。特工Smith由於在第一集中對Neo追捕失敗被系統刪除，成為電腦病毒重新出現，他可以傳染任何被他接觸的人(將其複製成自己)，他生存的目的就是為了消滅Neo。為了拯救Zion，人類以及他最愛的女人，Neo、Morpheus和其他抵抗分子必須與各種被「流放」的程式、新升級的特工、以及一群Smith的複製品戰鬥，以便到達the Source。但是在Source，Neo了解到的卻是一些動搖之前所有信念的真相。

[編輯] 相關條目

• 駭客任務（The Matrix）
• 駭客任務3：最後戰役（The Matrix: Revolution）
• 駭客任務動畫外傳 (The Animatrix）
• 駭客任務：重裝上陣 (遊戲) (Enter The Matrix）
• 駭客任務Online (The Matrix Online）

[編輯] 外部連結

• 電影官方網頁
• IMDB電影資料
• 駭客任務第一部解讀
• 駭客任務第二部解讀
• 駭客任務第三部解讀
• 駭客任務一個21世紀娛樂圖騰的誕生

顯示▼隱藏▲ 檢 • 論 • 編 • 歷 駭客任務系列
電影系列	駭客任務 • 駭客任務：重裝上陣 • 駭客任務：最後戰役
電玩遊戲	駭客任務：重裝上陣 • 駭客任務Online • 駭客任務：關鍵抉擇
系列人物	尼歐 • 莫菲斯 • 崔妮蒂 • 史密斯幹員 • 祭師 • 賽洛芙 • 沙蒂 • 造物主 • 梅若賓基恩
其他	駭客任務動畫外傳
相關主題	子彈時間 • 賽博朋克 • 動作武打電影 • 模擬現實 • 虛擬現實

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article or section may contain original research or unverified claims. Please improve the article by adding references. See the talk page for details. (September 2007)

The Matrix Reloaded
Promotional film poster
Directed by	The Wachowski Brothers
Produced by	Joel Silver
Written by	The Wachowski Brothers
Starring	Keanu Reeves Laurence Fishburne Carrie-Anne Moss Hugo Weaving Daniel Bernhardt Monica Bellucci Jada Pinkett Smith
Distributed by	Warner Bros., Village Roadshow Pictures
Release date(s)	May 15, 2003
Running time	138 min.
Language	English
Budget	$150,000,000 (estimated)
Gross revenue	$738,599,701
Preceded by	The Matrix
Followed by	The Matrix Revolutions
IMDb profile

The Matrix Reloaded is the second installment of The Matrix series, written and directed by the Wachowski Brothers. It premiered on May 7, 2003, in Westwood, Los Angeles, California, and went on general release by Warner Bros. in North American theaters on May 15, 2003, and around the world during the latter half of that month. The video game Enter the Matrix, which was released May 15, and a collection of nine animated shorts, the Animatrix, which was released on June 3, supported and expanded the storyline of the movie. The Matrix Revolutions, which completes the story, was released six months after Reloaded in November 2003.

Contents [hide] 1 Plot 2 Production 2.1 Sound Design 2.2 Soundtrack 3 Cast 4 Reception 5 See also 6 References 7 External links

[edit] Plot

The plot summary in this article or section is too long compared to the rest of the article. Please edit the article to focus on discussing the work rather than merely reiterating the plot.

Six months after the events of the first movie, Captain Niobe (Jada Pinkett Smith) of the Logos calls an emergency meeting of all Zion's Hovercraft Ship Fleet. She has successfully recovered the information left by Captain Thaddeus (in the Animatrix short film "Final Flight of the Osiris," recovered in the video game Enter The Matrix): 250,000 Sentinels are tunneling towards the underground city of Zion and will reach it in 72 hours. Commander Locke, the ranking military officer of Zion, orders all ships and their crews, including Neo, Trinity, and Morpheus, to return to Zion to prepare for the onslaught of the machines. The Caduceus receives a message from the Oracle, and the Nebuchadnezzar, in defiance of Locke's order, ventures out to allow Neo to contact her. Meanwhile, one of the Caduceus' crew members, Bane, encounters Agent Smith, who takes over Bane's body. Bane/Smith then leaves the Matrix via the hard line.

Before the meeting, Neo and Trinity make love, but Neo is having trouble sleeping and has recurring dreams about Trinity falling out of a building while being shot by an Agent. After the meeting, he enters the Matrix to meet with the Oracle. Upon arriving, he encounters and spars with Seraph, the Oracle's bodyguard. Seraph is convinced that Neo is who he claims to be, and opens a back door, leading Neo to an isolated courtyard, where he meets with the Oracle. They have a conversation where the Oracle confirms that she is not human, and indeed a program of the Machine World. She also explains that self-aware programs exist in the Matrix besides the Agents that do not function properly, called Exiles. Finally, she says that to reach the Source, effectively the center of the Matrix, Neo needs the assistance of the Keymaker, another rogue program. He can access "back doors" such as the one Seraph used to take Neo to the Oracle. He is held captive by the Merovingian, a powerful and dangerous Exile.

The Oracle wishes Neo good luck and exits the courtyard just before Agent Smith arrives. Smith demonstrates his ability to infect other residents of the Matrix with his program, turning them into copies of himself. He attempts to compromise Neo, and the encounter soon becomes a fight between Neo and hundreds of Smith clones. After an extended, one-sided fight, Neo abandons the battle by flying away, something Smith apparently can't do.

Neo, Trinity, and Morpheus visit the Merovingian, who exists in the Matrix mainly for his own enjoyment; he is accompanied by his wife Persephone and a veritable army of skilled bodyguards. When the protagonist trio requests the Keymaker, the Merovingian is not compliant.

Persephone turns on her husband and takes the three to the Keymaker. Morpheus and Trinity flee the scene with him, while Neo remains behind to combat the Merovingian's henchmen, who use medieval weaponry to little effect.

Morpheus and Trinity take their cargo to the freeway, beginning a chaotic conflict between the heroes, the Merovingian's most skilled bodyguards, and agents loyal to the Matrix (therefore, not including Smith). Collateral damage is massive, but Trinity escapes while Morpheus and the Keymaker are saved in the nick of time by Neo.

Shortly afterwards, the Keymaker explains how to reach the Source. Three ships work together to get Neo to his destiny. The team responsible for taking down the power grid fails when their real-world selves are killed by Sentinels. With the power up, Neo will be unable to reach the source without triggering a fatal alarm system. Therefore, Trinity, against Neo's wishes, perilously enters the Matrix to take down the power.

The Keymaker leads Morpheus and Neo to the necessary door, where they are confronted by the Smith army. The keymaker opens the door safely thanks to Trinity, but dies holding the door for Neo and Morpheus. Neo walks through the final door while Morpheus leaves the Matrix.

Confronting the Architect, who describes himself as the creator of the Matrix, Neo asks the main question: "Why am I here?". The Architect says Neo is "the eventuality of an anomaly" he has been trying to eradicate from the Matrix program. Neo responds by saying the Architect has failed to answer his question, to which the Architect agrees with a slight smile in recognition that Neo was "quicker than the others". Neo is caught off-guard by what he is hearing, but the Architect continues, saying that "the Matrix is older than you know".

The Architect tells Neo there have been many versions of the Matrix, and many predecessors to Neo himself. The wall of monitors surrounding the Architect's room shows possible reactions Neo has to the Architect's revelations. In the course of the dialog Neo realizes "Choice. The problem is choice." The Architect proceeds to detail the history of the Matrix and just how this problem of choice affected its design.

After some modifications, about 99.99% of the pod-born humans accepted the program, bringing stability to the Matrix. Neo concludes that the point-zero-one percent who refused the program (and their offspring) constitute the population of Zion. It now becomes clear that the prophecy about "the end of the war" was designed merely as a measure to control both the Zionite rebels and The One.

The Architect continues to reveal that Neo's final task will be to "select from the Matrix 23 individuals – sixteen females, seven males – to rebuild Zion." The Architect then warns Neo "Failure to comply with this process will result in a cataclysmic system crash, killing everyone connected to the Matrix which, coupled with the extermination of Zion will ultimately result in the extinction of the entire human race." Neo tries to call the Architect's bluff saying that humans are necessary for machines to survive, but the Architect merely rebuts the claim, saying that machines are prepared to accept "certain levels of survival" and re-states Neo's dilemma, whether he is or is not ready to accept the responsibility for the death of every human being in this world. As a side-note, he adds that Trinity entered the Matrix to save Neo's life at the expense of her own, and shows Trinity being attacked by an Agent just as Neo had seen in his dream. Despite all logical reasoning, Neo chooses to try to save Trinity over the rest of humanity, and for the first time every screen shows the same decision: Neo walking to the door leading back to the Matrix. After warning the Architect that they had better not meet again (the Architect assures him that they will not), Neo reciprocates Trinity's saving of his life in the first film and uses his powers to remove the bullet and restart her heart.

Morpheus is dismayed when he hears that the Prophecy has been unfulfilled. Neo tells Morpheus that the Prophecy was just a lie and "another system of control." Morpheus refuses to believe it and, echoing the words of his mentor in the first film, Neo says "I know it isn't easy to hear, but I swear to you it's the truth."

The Nebuchadnezzar comes under attack by Sentinels outside the range of their EMP and the crew must abandon ship. As the ship goes down, Morpheus references the story of Nebuchadnezzar from the Bible: "I have dreamed a dream, but now that dream is gone from me" (Daniel 2:3&5). Neo then drops the Sentinels to the ground via a bio EMP (showing for the first time his super-powers in real life, outside the program) and immediately loses consciousness. Morpheus and Trinity proceed to pick up the unconscious Neo and return to Zion. The Hammer then rescues them and brings them aboard. The crew of the Hammer talk to Morpheus and Link, explaining they are the last remnants of a counter-attack organized by Lock in an effort to try driving back the machines in order to buy more time. However, an EMP was detonated, crippling most of the ships in the attack, and the Sentinels slaughtered them in their vulnerable state. Following the battle, the Hammer made a sweep of the battlefield and found a single survivor: Bane. This "chapter" ends with the revelation of Neo laying unconscious on the Hammer next to the now "human" Agent Smith, who has taken control of Bane in order to Kill Neo. The story is concluded in the last film of the trilogy, The Matrix Revolutions.

[edit] Production

The Matrix Reloaded was largely filmed at Fox Studios Australia in Sydney, concurrently with filming of the sequel Revolutions. The freeway chase scene was filmed at the decommissioned Naval Air Station Alameda in Alameda, California. Producers constructed a 1.5-mile freeway on the old runways just for the movie. Portions of the chase were also filmed in Oakland, California, and the tunnel shown briefly is the Webster Tube connecting Oakland and Alameda. Some post-production editing was done in old aircraft hangars on the base as well. Although two Ford Taurus, one Dodge Ram and one Dodge Stratus are briefly seen, every other vehicle in the chase scene is a General Motors brand. The film is noted for its use of a Cadillac CTS, a Cadillac Escalade EXT, and several Chevrolet Impala and Chevrolet Caprice police cars. Additional vehicles include the Oldsmobile Intrigue, Oldsmobile Aurora, a Chevrolet Tahoe and also an Audi A8.

The city of Akron was willing to give full access to Route 59, the stretch of freeway known as the "Innerbelt", for filming of the freeway chase when it was under consideration. However, producers decided against this as "the time to reset all the cars in their start position would take too long".^[1] MythBusters would later reuse the Alameda location in order to explore the effects of a head-on collision between two semi trucks.

97% of the materials from the sets of the movie were recycled. For example, tons of wood were sent to Mexico to build low-income housing.^[2]

[edit] Sound Design

Sound editing on the Matrix Trilogy was completed by Danetracks in West Hollywood, CA.

[edit] Soundtrack

See also: The Matrix Reloaded: The Album

Don Davis, composer on The Matrix, returned to score Reloaded. For many of the pivotal action sequences, such as the "Burly Brawl", he collaborated with Juno Reactor. Some of the collaborative cues by Davis and Juno Reactor are extensions of material by Juno Reactor; for example, a version of "Komit" featuring Davis' strings is used during a flying sequence, and "Burly Brawl" is essentially a combination of Davis' unused "Multiple Replication" and Juno Reactor's "Masters of the Universe". One of the collaborations, "Mona Lisa Overdrive", is titled in reference to the cyberpunk novel of the same name by William Gibson, a major influence on the directors. Leitmotifs established in The Matrix return, and some used in Revolutions are established.

As with its predecessor, many tracks by external musicians are featured in the movie, its closing credits, and the soundtrack album, some of which were written for the movie. Many of the musicians featured (for example Rob Zombie, Rage Against the Machine and Marilyn Manson) had also appeared on the soundtrack for The Matrix. Rob Dougan contributed again, licensing the instrumental version of his eponymous "Furious Angels", as well as being commissioned to provide an original track, ultimately scoring the battle in the Merovingian's chateau. "Another Kind of Blues" by electronic artist Fluke was used during the rave scene.

Also, the key of the theme heard at the beginning of every Matrix film ascends by one semitone with each movie. In The Matrix, the music starts in the key of E, The Matrix Reloaded in F and The Matrix Revolutions in the key of F-sharp.

Linkin Park contributed their instrumental song "Session" to the film as well, though it did not appear during the actual runtime.

[edit] Cast

• Keanu Reeves as Neo
• Laurence Fishburne as Morpheus
• Carrie-Anne Moss as Trinity
• Hugo Weaving as Agent Smith
• Gloria Foster as The Oracle
• Helmut Bakaitis as The Architect
• Lambert Wilson as The Merovingian
• Monica Bellucci as Persephone
• Adrian Rayment as Twin #2
• Neil Rayment as Twin #1
• Daniel Bernhardt as Agent Johnson
• Sing Ngai as Seraph (as Collin Chou)
• Nona Gaye as Zee
• Anthony Zerbe as Councillor Hamann
• Roy Jones Jr. as Captain Ballard
• David A. Kilde as Agent Jackson
• Randall Duk Kim as The Keymaker
• Harry J. Lennix as Commander Lock
• Matt McColm as Agent Thompson
• Harold Perrineau Jr. as Link
• Jada Pinkett Smith as Niobe
• Cornel West as Councillor West
• Bernard White as Rama-Kandra
• Anthony Wong as Ghost

Cornel West, a professor at Princeton, makes a special appearance in the Zion "council" scene. Another notable cameo is boxing great Roy Jones Jr., who appears in the opening scene with a number of other ship's captains, right before Smith makes his appearance. Zee was originally to be played by Aaliyah, who died in a plane crash in the summer of 2001.

[edit] Reception

Reloaded earned an estimated $42.5 million on its Thursday opening day in the United States, a new record surpassing the one set in May 2002 by Spider-Man, which took in $39.4 million on its first day. The movie earned $91.8 million over its first Friday, Saturday, and Sunday, establishing it as the second-best opening weekend ever after Spider-Man's 2002 (inflation unadjusted) record of $114.8 million in ticket sales during its three-day opening weekend. Reloaded garnered the biggest (inflation unadjusted) debut ever for an R-rated film (The Passion of the Christ is a close second at $83.8 million, and 300 came in third with $70.9 million). Although the film exceeded box office records during its first week, it fell the number two spot on the box-office totals the following week when it was beat by the Jim Carrey movie Bruce Almighty. The film earned $281 million in the US and $738 million worldwide.[1] It is currently the 27th highest grossing film, and is one of the highest grossing rated-R features of all time.

The Matrix Reloaded had a positive critical reception in most of the media, with a Rotten Tomatoes score of 74%.

Criticisms and acclaim, on record, are at times similar to those leveled at the movie's predecessor.^[3]

Positive comments included commendation for the quality and intensity of its action sequences^[4][5] and intelligence.^[6] Some critics have exceptional praise for it, saying that "its character development and writing...is so crisp it crackles on the screen" and have said that "Matrix Reloaded re-establishes the genre and even raises the bar a notch or two" above the first movie, The Matrix.^[7]

Negative comments included the sentiment that the plot was alienating,^[8][9] with some critics taking the view that the focus on the action came at the cost of the movie's human element.^[10][11] Some also said that the dialogue focus on exposition scenes^[12] worked against the film. Although it was well-known that the plot of Reloaded would be resolved in Revolutions, the many unresolved subplots and the cliffhanger ending were criticised by some.^[13]

The film was banned in Egypt because of the violent content and because it put into question issues about human creation "linked to the three monotheistic religions that we respect and which we believe in".^[14] Egyptian media claimed it promoted Zionism since it talks about Zion and the dark forces that wish to destroy it. However, it was later allowed to be shown in theatres and was later released on DVD and VHS.^{[citation needed]}

The Matrix Reloaded also made $145 million USD in DVD sales in October 2003.

[edit] See also

• Simulated reality

• The Matrix Revolutions

• The Matrix

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• The Matrix Reloaded Official Website
• The Matrix Reloaded at the Internet Movie Database
• The Matrix Reloaded at Rotten Tomatoes
• The Many Meanings of The Matrix, Larry Wachowski in a dialogue with Ken Wilber.
• The Matrix Reloaded Explained - a comparative-literature-style exegesis of selected parts of Matrix Reloaded.
• Newsweek: The Matrix Makers - A look behind the scenes at the Matrix sequels.
• The Matrix Reloaded October 27, 2001 draft script by Andy & Larry Wachowski
• Joanne Morra and Marquard Smith The Matrix: Morpheus in Exile

Preceded by "X2: X-Men United"

List of Box Office #1 Movies May 18 2003

Succeeded by "Bruce Almighty"

[hide] v • d • e The Matrix series
The Matrix • The Matrix Reloaded • The Matrix Revolutions
The Animatrix:	Final Flight of the Osiris • The Second Renaissance • Kid's Story • Program • World Record • Beyond • A Detective Story • Matriculated
Soundtracks:	The Matrix: Music from the Motion Picture • The Matrix: Original Motion Picture Score • The Matrix Reloaded: The Album • The Animatrix: The Album • The Matrix Revolutions: Music from the Motion Picture • Enter the Matrix: Original Soundtrack from the Videogame • The Matrix: Path of Neo - Music from the Video Game
Video games:	Enter the Matrix • The Matrix Online • The Matrix: Path of Neo
Characters:	Neo • Trinity • Morpheus • Agent Smith • Agents • Oracle • Architect • Niobe • Merovingian • Persephone • Sati • Seraph • Twins • Deus Ex Machina • Minor human characters • Programs and machines
Locations:	The Matrix universe • Mega City • Club Hel • Mobil Ave. • Zero One (Machine City) • Zion • New Zion • Ships from The Matrix series
Cast and crew:	Wachowski Brothers • Keanu Reeves • Laurence Fishburne • Carrie-Anne Moss • Hugo Weaving • Jada Pinkett Smith • Owen Paterson • John Gaeta • Geof Darrow • Steve Skroce
Other topics:	The Matrix Comics • Matrix digital rain • The Matrix character names • The Matrix Revisited • The Zion Archive • The Ultimate Matrix Collection • Matrix cell phone • Bluepill • Redpill
Related topics:	Bullet time • Cyberpunk • Digitalism • The Hero's Journey  • Martial arts film • Simulated reality • Virtual reality • The Official Matrix Exhibit • Cadillac CTS

[編輯首段]維基百科，自由的百科全書

駭客任務3：最後戰役 The Matrix Revolutions
《駭客任務3：最後戰役》電影海報
基本資料
導演	沃卓斯基兄弟
監製	喬·西佛
編劇	沃卓斯基兄弟
演出	勞倫斯·費許朋 凱莉·安摩絲 雨果·威明
發行公司	華納兄弟
上映日期	2003年11月5日
片長	129分鐘
語言	英語
預算	1.5億美元
票房	全美 $139,313,948 外地 $285,674,263 全球 $424,988,211
前集	《駭客任務2︰重裝上陣》
各地片名翻譯
中國大陸	黑客帝国3：革命
香港	廿二世紀殺人網絡3：驚變世紀
台灣	駭客任務3：最後戰役
IMDb 資訊（英語）

《駭客任務3：最後戰役》（The Matrix Revolutions）是一部好萊塢的科幻電影，在2003年上映。由沃卓斯基兄弟執導、基努·李維（Keanu Reeves）、勞倫斯·費許朋（Laurence Fishburne）等主演，香港電影武術指導袁和平擔任動作指導。本集也是駭客任務三部曲的最後一集，上一集為《駭客任務2︰重裝上陣》（The Matrix Reloaded）。

[編輯] 劇情簡介

在《駭客任務》系列電影最後一集中，延續上集《駭客任務2︰重裝上陣》的故事，並揭曉機器與人類的最終命運。

機器帝國集結了烏賊大軍攻打真實世界僅存的人類城市－錫安城（Zion），錫安城內的人類拼死抵抗，但最後仍是兵敗如山倒；另一方面，電腦人史密斯（Agent Smith）進化成為更高等的電腦病毒，幾乎佔領了整個母體（Matrix），甚至包括了「母體之母」－祭師（Oracle）。經過與祭師密談的救世主尼歐（Neo），終於清楚自己的使命，便和女主角崔妮蒂（Trinity）兩人強行進入人類幾乎無法進入的機械城市。

雖然在重重阻礙中，尼歐藉由救世主不分世界的大能成功進入機械城市，但崔妮蒂在此犧牲。尼歐進入機器城市後，與第二集中曾與尼歐見面、創造機器世界的造物主達成停戰協議，代價是尼歐必須進入母體，刪除叛逃異變的強大程式—史密斯。經過一番苦戰之後，尼歐敗了，但是在造物主為了保全母體程式下，幫助尼歐使用了最後的救世主能力與史密斯同歸於盡，在最後一刻救了僅存的人類還有被機器大軍破壞殆盡的錫安城，機器世界與真實世界都獲得了和平，人類從此可以選擇生活在矩陣或現實世界，而造物主也承諾不願生活在機器世界的人類將會獲得自由。在最後，祭師暗示救世主還會回來……。

[編輯] 相關條目

• 駭客任務（The Matrix）
• 駭客任務2︰重裝上陣（The Matrix: Reloaded）
• 駭客任務動畫外傳（The Animatrix）
• 駭客任務：重裝上陣 (遊戲)（Enter The Matrix）
• 駭客任務Online（The Matrix Online）

[編輯] 外部連結

• （英文） 電影官方網頁
• （英文） 《The Matrix Revolutions》在網際網路電影資料庫（IMDb）

• （英文） 《The Matrix Revolutions》在Box Office Mojo網站上的頁面
• 駭客任務第一部解讀
• 駭客任務第二部解讀
• 駭客任務第三部解讀
• 駭客任務一個21世紀娛樂圖騰的誕生

顯示▼隱藏▲ 檢 • 論 • 編 • 歷 駭客任務系列
電影系列	駭客任務 • 駭客任務：重裝上陣 • 駭客任務：最後戰役
電玩遊戲	駭客任務：重裝上陣 • 駭客任務Online • 駭客任務：關鍵抉擇
系列人物	尼歐 • 莫菲斯 • 崔妮蒂 • 史密斯幹員 • 祭師 • 賽洛芙 • 沙蒂 • 造物主 • 梅若賓基恩
其他	駭客任務動畫外傳
相關主題	子彈時間 • 賽博朋克 • 動作武打電影 • 模擬現實 • 虛擬現實

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Matrix Revolutions
Promotional film poster
Directed by	The Wachowski brothers
Produced by	Joel Silver
Written by	The Wachowski brothers
Starring	Keanu Reeves Laurence Fishburne Carrie-Anne Moss Hugo Weaving
Distributed by	Warner Bros., Village Roadshow Pictures
Release date(s)	November 5, 2003
Running time	129 min.
Language	English
Budget	$150,000,000 (estimated)
Gross revenue	$424,988,211 (worldwide) plus $2,470,000 [VHS Rentals]
Preceded by	The Matrix Reloaded
IMDb profile

The Matrix Revolutions is the third and final film in The Matrix trilogy. The film, a combination of philosophy and action like its predecessors, sought to conclude the questions raised in the preceding film, The Matrix Reloaded. The film was written and directed by the Wachowski brothers. It was released simultaneously in sixty countries on November 5, 2003. Despite being the final film, the Matrix storyline was continued in The Matrix Online.

It was the first live-action film to be released simultaneously in regular and IMAX theaters. The Wachowski brothers were present in Tokyo at the opening of the movie, as were stars Keanu Reeves and Jada Pinkett Smith.

Contents [hide] 1 Production 1.1 Sound Design 1.2 Soundtrack 2 Cast 3 Plot 4 Reception 5 References 6 See also 7 External links

[edit] Production

The movie was filmed concurrently with its predecessor, Reloaded, and live-action sequences for the videogame Enter the Matrix. This took place primarily at Fox Studios in Sydney, Australia.

[edit] Sound Design

Sound editing on the Matrix Trilogy was completed by Danetracks in West Hollywood, CA.

[edit] Soundtrack

In contrast to the movie's predecessors, very few "source" tracks are used in the movie. Aside from Don Davis' score, again collaborating with Juno Reactor, only one external track (by Pale 3) is used.

Although Davis rarely focuses on strong melodies, familiar leitmotifs from earlier in the series reappear. For example, Neo and Trinity's love theme—which briefly surfaces in the two preceding movies—is finally fully expanded into "Trinity Definitely"; the theme from the Zion docks in Reloaded returns as "Men in Metal", and the energetic drumming from the Reloaded teahouse fight between Neo and Seraph opens "Tetsujin", as Seraph, Trinity and Morpheus fight off Club Hel's three doormen.

The climactic battle theme, named "Neodämmerung" (in reference to Wagner's Götterdämmerung), features a choir singing extracts (shlokas) from the Upanishads. The chorus can be roughly translated from Sanskrit as follows: "lead us from untruth to truth, lead us from darkness to light, lead us from death to immortality, peace peace peace". The extracts were brought to Davis by the Wachowski brothers when he informed them that it would be wasteful for such a large choir to be singing simple "ooh's" and "aah's" (according to the DVD commentary, Davis felt that the dramatic impact of the piece would be lost if the choir was to sing 'This is the one, see what he can do' in plain English). These extracts return in the denouement of the movie, and in Navras, the track which plays over the closing credits (which may be considered a loose remix of "Neodämmerung").

[edit] Cast

• Keanu Reeves as Neo
• Laurence Fishburne as Morpheus
• Carrie-Anne Moss as Trinity
• Hugo Weaving as Agent Smith
• Mary Alice as The Oracle
• Helmut Bakaitis as The Architect
• Lambert Wilson as The Merovingian
• Collin Chou as Seraph
• Roy Jones Jr. as Captain Ballard
• Harry J. Lennix as Commander Locke
• Matt McColm as Agent Thompson
• Harold Perrineau Jr. as Link
• Jada Pinkett Smith as Niobe
• Gina Torres as Cas
• Cornel West as Councillor West
• Bernard White as Rama-Kandra
• Anthony Wong as Ghost
• Anthony Zerbe as Councillor Hamann
• Nathaniel Lees as Captain Mifune

Actress Gloria Foster, who played the Oracle in the first two films, died before the completion of her filming for the third and was replaced by actress Mary Alice. Her changed appearance is addressed in the movie's plot, and the directors state they had coincidentally explored such a change early in the script's development.

[edit] Plot

The plot summary in this article or section is too long compared to the rest of the article. Please edit the article to focus on discussing the work rather than merely reiterating the plot.

The film's events immediately follow those of The Matrix Reloaded and assume familiarity with the story of the last two films.

Bane and Neo are both in an unconscious state. The former is said to be merely asleep, whereas Neo's neural patterns are identical to those of people who are jacked in to the Matrix. Morpheus, dispirited after the destruction of the Nebuchadnezzar and discovering the true nature of the Prophecy at the end of the last film, starts a search for Neo within the Matrix despite his not being jacked in. Neo is in fact trapped in a limbo: a subway station named "Mobil Avenue" that is a transition zone between the Matrix and the Source (the Machine mainframe). At this station, Neo meets a 'family' of programs, who tell him that Mobil Avenue is controlled by a program called The Trainman who, in turn, is an exile loyal only to The Merovingian. An interesting note is that Mobil is an anagram for limbo.

Seraph contacts Morpheus on behalf of the Oracle, who now resides in a different "shell" (see Cast, above). The Oracle informs Morpheus and Trinity of Neo being trapped in Mobil Avenue. Seraph, Morpheus and Trinity pursue the Trainman to secure Neo's release, but he escapes. The trio enter Club Hel to confront the Merovingian for Neo's freedom. The Merovingian demands "the eyes of the Oracle" in exchange for Neo's release, and Trinity responds by provoking a Mexican standoff, forcing the Merovingian to release Neo at gun point.

Troubled by new visions of the Machine City, Neo decides to visit the Oracle before returning to the real world. She informs him that, as the One, he has a connection with the Source (the Machine mainframe). The Matrix, and the rest of the Machine world, are derived from the Source as well. Thus we learn that all of Neo's abilities - both in and out of the Matrix - exist because of this connection (although the exact nature of this connection is never explained). This is how Neo was able to stop the machines giving pursuit after the Nebuchadnezzar was destroyed in The Matrix Reloaded, although the end result of his lack of preparation was temporary confinement in Mobil Avenue. She characterizes Agent Smith (who is also growing in power) as his exact "opposite", his "negative" and elaborates on the relationship between herself and the Architect (Tellingly, each of them ejects an exasperated "Please!" when Neo asks them about the other). She also tells Neo cryptically that "everything that has a beginning has an end" and warns that Smith's power threatens not only the Matrix but also the Source and eventually the Machine City. The Oracle states that the war is about to end "one way or another".

After Neo takes leave of the Oracle, an army of Smiths arrive at her home. They successfully assimilate the unresisting Oracle. Having gained her powers of precognition, the new Smith cackles maniacally at whatever future he is seeing.

In the real world, the remaining crew of the Nebuchadnezzar and the Mjolnir (referred to by the characters as "the Hammer") encounter Niobe's ship, the Logos and its crew. They successfully reactivate the deactivated ship and begin to interrogate the now awakened Bane, who claims he has no memory of the events of the earlier battle. After contemplating his visions, Neo announces that he needs a ship to travel to the Machine City, although he cannot explain why at the moment. Roland, the Mjolnir's captain, refuses him, but Niobe - who was told by the Oracle that she would have to make a choice to help Neo or not - lets him take the Logos. Trinity decides to accompany Neo. The two remaining crews plan to return to Zion and avoid the Sentinel army by piloting the Mjolnir through a series of service tunnels through which it is nearly impossible to navigate. Shortly after departing, the Mjolnir's crew discover that Bane has murdered a crewmember and has hidden aboard the Logos, but they are unable to return to warn Trinity and Neo. Before the ship can depart, Bane ambushes Trinity and takes her hostage. Neo fights with Bane, who reveals himself as a manifestation of Agent Smith. During the struggle, Bane/Smith blinds Neo by cauterizing his eyes with a severed electric cable. As Bane/Smith appears to have the upper hand he closes in on Neo - only to have his attack thwarted and reversed. Neo can see Smith, the program, in Bane as a fiery form in spite of his blindness. Neo then smashes Bane/Smith's head with a lead pipe and releases Trinity, who pilots them towards the Machine City (presumably 01 described in The Second Renaissance).

In Zion, the defenders deploy infantry armed with rocket launchers and Armored Personnel Units in order to protect the dock from assault. The dock is invaded by a massive horde of Sentinels, as well as two giant drilling machines, igniting The Battle of Zion. APU's fail and the humans are pushed back into the temple. Captain Mifune fails to get the gate open; with his last breath he tells Kid (who was renewing his ammunition supply at the time) to open the gate for the Mjolnir. Kid is reluctant at first, stating he did not complete the combat training needed, only for Mifune to tell him, "Neither did I," giving Kid the courage to do what is needed. Meanwhile, as the Hammer speeds toward Zion it is pursued by a large number of sentinels. Just as the remaining humans are about to be overwhelmed, the Hammer arrives at Zion and breaks through the gates, setting off an EMP and disabling all electronic equipment in the area. While this finishes off the Sentinels, it also disables the remainder of Zion's defenses. The humans are forced to fall back to the temple entrance and wait for the next swarm that will almost certainly kill them all.

Nearing the Machine City, Neo and Trinity are attacked by the city's defense system, hurling massive numbers of mobile bombs and Sentinels at the Logos. Neo uses his powers to destroy the incoming bombs, but the Sentinels are too numerous. To evade them, Trinity flies the ship up into the permanent electrical storm cloud cover, disabling the Sentinels but also the Logos' engines. As the ship glides to a verticle stop, it emerges above the cloud layer for only a split second, allowing Trinity her first, last, and only glimpse of real sunlight and blue sky. The ship then stalls and plummets back into the storm cloud as it free-falls towards the Machine City. The Logos then comes back out of the storm cloud directly over the machine city. Trinity attempts to ignite the engines but it is too late and the ship crashes into a machine tower. The impact of the collision fatally wounds Trinity, and she dies in Neo's arms.

Neo emerges into the Machine City to strike a bargain with the machines, personified by the Deus Ex Machina. Neo warns the machines that Smith (who has by now assimilated almost all of The Matrix) is beyond the machines' control, and will soon assault the Source to which the Matrix is connected. He offers to help stop Smith in exchange for a ceasefire on Zion. The second wave of Sentinels attacking Zion instantly responds by standing down while the Machines provide a connection for Neo to enter the Matrix and confront Smith. The world is now wholly populated by Smiths - the copy with the Oracle's powers steps forth, asserting that he has already foreseen his own victory.

The city's population of Smiths stands by and watches while Neo and Smith square off. Fighting on the streets, through buildings and into the sky, they finally brawl in a flooded crater. Neo is eventually outmatched by Smith, who pauses to gloat that he has "seen this [the details of his victory] before," remembering the details aloud: he was supposed to say something. To both Smith and Neo's surprise, he announces "everything that has a beginning has an end," the Oracle's parting advice to Neo earlier in the movie. Neo understands this to mean that Smith's assimilation is not total, and baits the scared Smith into assimilating him, repeating Smith's refrain from their fights in The Matrix and The Matrix Reloaded: "It was inevitable."

Smith's assimilation of Neo is apparently successful. The Oracle-Smith asks his nemesis: "is it over?" to which the answer is a smile and a nod. Back in the physical world, Neo's body spasms as a surge of energy enters his body from the Matrix connection. Starting with the Neo copy of Smith, a white light begins to rip the agents apart from the inside out, one by one. This is similar to the deletion of Agent Smith at the end of The Matrix.

With the Smiths destroyed, all the programs and humans that have been possessed by Smith return to normal, including the Oracle. The Sentinels that were about to attack the humans withdraw from Zion; the human resistance cheers in victory, while Link and Zee share a moment of intimate happiness together. Neo, having sacrificed himself to save both the Machines and humans, is unplugged from the Matrix and his body is respectfully carried away by the Machines.

The Architect appears and tells the Oracle that she "played a very dangerous game" by attempting to change the way in which the Matrix functioned, to which the Oracle responds, saying that she understood the risk and knew it was worth taking. She asks the Architect what will become of any humans who want to be unplugged from the Matrix, and the Architect replies that "they will be freed". The closing shot of the film depicts a new dawn on the world of the Matrix, created by Sati. Plant life is shown in the Matrix, and for the first (and last) time the ever-present green tint is absent.

According to the game The Matrix Online, Neo's body, along with Trinity's, although not recycled, were never returned from Machine City, a plot point of the game that has yet to be resolved.

[edit] Reception

The budget of the movie was an estimated $110USD million, grossing over $139USD million in the United States and approximately $424,988,211 million worldwide,^[1] roughly only half of The Matrix Reloaded box-office total.The Matrix Revolutions was released on DVD& VHS on April 6th,2004. The film grossed $116 million USD in DVD sales, which made it a major hit.

The movie was met with generally mixed reviews from critics. Revolutions scored only 36% on movie review aggregation site RottenTomatoes. ^[2] Metacritic's average critic score was 48/100 with a user score of 5.2/10 based on 268 votes. ^[3]

The Matrix Revolutions grossed $83.8 million in its first five days of release in the US ^[4]. It had a weaker opening than its predecessor that some have attributed to a more subdued marketing campaign in comparison to the summer blockbuster event, The Matrix Reloaded.

Praise of the movie generally focused on the strength of the movie's action sequences and special effects ^[5][6]. Some considered it "a better movie" than The Matrix Reloaded ^[7], which some said "raises the bar a notch or two" since the original movie, The Matrix ^[8].

Common criticisms of the film were that it was anti-climactic ^{[9] [10]} and self-indulgent (in one scene, the heroes run in front of three giant banners sporting the PowerAde logo, a sponsor of the films) ^[11]. Nevertheless, critics regard the movie as less philosophically abstruse than its predecessor ^{[12] [13]}, Reloaded. Many critics had difficulty finding closure pertaining to events from Reloaded, and were generally dissatisfied^[14][15]. Its earnings dropped 66% in its second week ^[16].

The films were received in high praise of its conceptual complexity by some scholars and philosophers, as seen in the video The Roots of the Matrix. Philosopher Ken Wilber stated that The Matrix Reloaded and The Matrix Revolutions had expanded on the "simple dualism" of the first film - The Matrix - thus transforming the trilogy into a piece of "complex literature" with the second two installments of the trilogy.

[edit] References

[edit] See also

• Simulated reality

[edit] External links

• Official site for the series
• The Matrix Revolutions at the Internet Movie Database
• The Matrix Revolutions at Rotten Tomatoes

• The Many Meanings of The Matrix, Larry Wachowski in a dialogue with Ken Wilber.
• The Matrix Revolutions Explained - a comparative-literature-style exegesis of selected parts of Matrix Revolutions.
• Lyrics to Neodammerung, including translation
• The Matrix Revolution October 27, 2000 draft script by Andy & Larry Wachowski

Preceded by Scary Movie 3

Box office number-one films of 2003 (USA) November 9, 2003

Succeeded by Elf

[hide] v • d • e The Matrix series
The Matrix • The Matrix Reloaded • The Matrix Revolutions
The Animatrix:	Final Flight of the Osiris • The Second Renaissance • Kid's Story • Program • World Record • Beyond • A Detective Story • Matriculated
Soundtracks:	The Matrix: Music from the Motion Picture • The Matrix: Original Motion Picture Score • The Matrix Reloaded: The Album • The Animatrix: The Album • The Matrix Revolutions: Music from the Motion Picture • Enter the Matrix: Original Soundtrack from the Videogame • The Matrix: Path of Neo - Music from the Video Game
Video games:	Enter the Matrix • The Matrix Online • The Matrix: Path of Neo
Characters:	Neo • Trinity • Morpheus • Agent Smith • Agents • Oracle • Architect • Niobe • Merovingian • Persephone • Sati • Seraph • Twins • Deus Ex Machina • Minor human characters • Programs and machines
Locations:	The Matrix universe • Mega City • Club Hel • Mobil Ave. • Zero One (Machine City) • Zion • New Zion • Ships from The Matrix series
Cast and crew:	Wachowski Brothers • Keanu Reeves • Laurence Fishburne • Carrie-Anne Moss • Hugo Weaving • Jada Pinkett Smith • Owen Paterson • John Gaeta • Geof Darrow • Steve Skroce
Other topics:	The Matrix Comics • Matrix digital rain • The Matrix character names • The Matrix Revisited • The Zion Archive • The Ultimate Matrix Collection • Matrix cell phone • Bluepill • Redpill
Related topics:	Bullet time • Cyberpunk • Digitalism • The Hero's Journey  • Martial arts film • Simulated reality • Virtual reality • The Official Matrix Exhibit • Cadillac CTS

[編輯首段]維基百科，自由的百科全書

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Escape from New York
Image:EscapefromNYposter.jpg Theatrical poster
導演	John Carpenter
監製	Larry J. Franco Debra Hill
編劇	John Carpenter Nick Castle
演出	Kurt Russell Lee Van Cleef Ernest Borgnine Donald Pleasence Isaac Hayes Harry Dean Stanton Adrienne Barbeau Season Hubley Tom Atkins
音樂	John Carpenter Alan Howarth
攝影	Dean Cundey Jim Lucas
剪輯	Todd Ramsay
發行公司	AVCO Embassy Pictures
上映日期	June 24, 1981 July 10, 1981
片長	99 minutes
語言	English
預算	USD $7,000,000 (est.)[1]
票房	USD $25,244,626[2]
續集	Escape from L.A
官方網站
All Movie Guide 資訊（英語）
IMDb 資訊（英語）

紐約大逃亡 美國著名B級片、商業片多產大導演約翰·卡彭特早年1980年代表作，後來還拍續集；科幻片也是動作片，片中充斥許多光怪陸離的劇情發展，對於紐約市物質文明發達形同美國社會拜金主義縮影，卻也製造出不少畸形社會現象予以深刻批判；男主角寇特·羅素因此片成名，列為動作片演員。

[編輯] 劇情簡介

• 想像1997年紐約是廢墟，為重刑犯監獄；不巧美國總統又因事故陷於市內被綁架；特種部隊隊長(李范克裡夫飾演)令一重刑犯寇特·羅素將功贖罪，潛入紐約24小時內救出總統否則體內微炸藥會斃命，寇特羅素以一身紮實肌肉、矯健身手勇闖瘋狂紐約市尋救出總統……
• 配樂為當年罕聽之電子合成樂，配合緊迫劇情，相當成功。
• 最後救到美國總統，一堆瘋狂惡人在後面追，寇特·羅素推著總統屁股努力爬牆，相當有趣搞笑，娛樂效果十足。

[編輯] 外部連結

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Escape from New York
Theatrical poster
Directed by	John Carpenter
Produced by	Larry J. Franco Debra Hill
Written by	John Carpenter Nick Castle
Starring	Kurt Russell Lee Van Cleef Ernest Borgnine Donald Pleasence Isaac Hayes Harry Dean Stanton Adrienne Barbeau Season Hubley Tom Atkins
Music by	John Carpenter Alan Howarth
Cinematography	Dean Cundey Jim Lucas
Editing by	Todd Ramsay
Distributed by	AVCO Embassy Pictures
Release date(s)	June 24, 1981 July 10, 1981
Running time	99 minutes
Language	English
Budget	USD $7,000,000 (est.)[1]
Gross revenue	USD $25,244,626[2]
Followed by	Escape from L.A
Official website
All Movie Guide profile
IMDb profile

Escape from New York is a 1981 science fiction/action film directed and scored by John Carpenter. He also co-wrote the screenplay with Nick Castle. The film is set in the near future of a United States so crime-ridden that Manhattan Island in New York City has become a maximum security prison. Ex-soldier and legendary fugitive "Snake" Plissken is given 23 hours to find the President of the United States, who has been captured by inmates after Air Force One crashed on the island.

Carpenter originally wrote the film in the mid-1970s as a reaction to the Watergate scandal, but no studio wanted to make it because it was deemed too dark and violent. After the success of Halloween, he had enough influence to get the film made and shot most of it in St. Louis, Missouri, where significant portions of the city were used in the place of New York City.^[3]

The film's total budget was estimated to be USD $7 million.^[1] It was a commercial hit, grossing over $50 million worldwide.^[2] It has since developed its own cult following, particularly around the anti-hero Plissken. A sequel, Escape from L.A., was released in 1996. On March 13, 2007, a remake of the original film was announced tentatively with actor Gerard Butler set to play Plissken^[4] with Len Wiseman to direct.^[5] Both have since dropped out of the project.

Contents [hide] 1 Plot 2 Production 2.1 Casting 2.2 Pre-production 2.3 Principal photography 3 Soundtrack 3.1 Track listing 4 Reaction 5 DVD releases 6 Novelization 7 Remake 8 References 9 External links

[edit] Plot

The film is set in the dystopian future of 1997 during a third World War. According to the opening titles, Manhattan was turned into a maximum security prison in 1988 due to a crime increase of 400%. Surrounded by a 50-foot containment wall and sentenced to life imprisonment, the inmates have formed gangs which control the crumbling, garbage-strewn city. After the President's plane, Air Force One, is hijacked by the American Liberation Front (leftist terrorists) opposed to the President of the United States's police state regime, militants crash the plane onto the island. The President (Donald Pleasence) escapes in an escape pod before the crash, but the inmates take him hostage.

Police Commissioner Bob Hauk (Lee Van Cleef) offers a deal to a newly arrived prisoner, "Snake" Plissken (Kurt Russell): receive a full pardon in return for rescuing the President and retrieving a cassette tape that contains important information on nuclear fusion. However, Plissken must complete his mission before a summit commencing in 24 hours. After Plissken agrees to attempt the rescue, Hauk has him injected with microscopic explosives that will blow open his carotid arteries in 24 hours, as a way of ensuring that Snake does not abandon his mission and escape. The explosives will be defused if he returns with the President and the tape in time for the summit.

Snake covertly lands atop the World Trade Center in a jet glider and then locates the plane wreckage and the escape pod, but the President is gone. Snake tracks the President's life-monitor bracelet signal to a theater, only to find it on the wrist of an inebriated bum. He meets Cabbie (Ernest Borgnine), who offers to help. Cabbie takes Snake to see Brain (Harry Dean Stanton), a savvy inmate who has made the New York Public Library his personal fortress. Brain tells Snake that a gang leader, the self-proclaimed "Duke of New York" (Isaac Hayes), has the President, and that he plans to try to escape across the 69th Street bridge by using the President as a human shield. The Duke unexpectedly arrives to get a diagram of the land mines that guard the bridge and Snake forces Brain and his girlfriend Maggie (Adrienne Barbeau) to lead him back to The Duke's compound. Snake finds the President, but his rescue fails and he is captured as well.

While Snake is forced to fight with a giant power-house brute (played by professional wrestler Ox Baker), Brain and Maggie trick the Duke's men into letting them have access to the President, and they find the tape. After killing the guards, they free the President and flee to Snake's glider. Meanwhile, Snake defeats his opponent, impressing the crowd. When the Duke learns the President has escaped with Brain, he is furious, and he rounds up his men to chase them down. In the confusion, Snake slips away and manages to catch up with Brain, Maggie and the President at the glider, but during their attempted getaway, a gang of inmates push it off the building. Snake and the others soon find Cabbie, and Snake takes the wheel of his cab, heading for the bridge. When Cabbie reveals that he has the nuclear fusion tape,(traded to him from an inmate who guarded the President and stole it) the President demands it, but Snake takes it.

With the Duke chasing in another car, Snake and the others drive over the mine-strewn 69th Street bridge. After the cab hits a land mine, the cab is destroyed and Cabbie is killed. As they flee on foot, Brain and Maggie are killed by Duke's gang, but Snake and the President reach the containment wall on foot. After the guards raise the President on a rope, the Duke attacks Snake, but the President then shoots the Duke with a machine gun. Snake is lifted to safety, and the implanted mini-explosives in his body are promptly deactivated with seconds to spare.

As the President prepares for a televised speech, he thanks Snake for saving him, but shows little sympathy for those who died helping him. The President's speech commences and he offers the content of the cassette to the summit. To the President's embarrassment, the tape has been switched for a cassette of the swing song "Bandstand Boogie" (the theme from American Bandstand), Cabbie's favorite song. As Snake leaves the prison, he tears apart the all-important nuclear fusion tape.

[edit] Production

Carpenter originally wrote the screenplay for Escape from New York in 1976, in the aftermath of the Watergate scandal. Carpenter said, "The whole feeling of the nation was one of real cynicism about the President. I wrote the screenplay and no studio wanted to make it" because, according to Carpenter, "it was too violent, too scary, too weird."^[6] He has also been inspired by the film Death Wish which was very popular at the time. He did not agree with the film's philosophy but liked how it conveyed "the sense of New York as a kind of jungle, and I wanted to make an SF film along these lines."^[7]

[edit] Casting

Avco-Embassy Pictures, the film's financial backer, preferred either Charles Bronson or Tommy Lee Jones to play the role of "Snake" Plissken to Carpenter's choice of Kurt Russell, who was trying to overcome his "lightweight" screen image which arose from his roles in several Disney comedies. Carpenter refused to cast Bronson on the grounds that he was too old, and because he worried that with an experienced actor such as Bronson, he could lose directorial control over the picture. At the time, Russell described his character as "a mercenary, and his style of fighting is a combination of Bruce Lee, the Exterminator and Darth Vader, with Eastwood’s vocal-ness."^[8] All that matters to Snake, according to the actor, is "the next 60 seconds. Living for exactly that next minute is all there is."^[9]

[edit] Pre-production

Carpenter had just made Dark Star but no one wanted to hire him as a director, so he assumed that he would make it in Hollywood as a screenwriter. The filmmaker went on to do other films with the intention of making Escape later. After the success of Halloween, Avco-Embassy signed him and producer Debra Hill to a two-picture deal. The first film from this contract was The Fog. Initially, the second film that he was going to make to finish the contract out was The Philadelphia Experiment, but because of script-writing problems, Carpenter rejected it in favor of this project. However, Carpenter felt that something was missing and remembers, "This was basically a straight action film. And at one point, I realized it really doesn't have this kind of crazy humor that people from New York would expect to see."^[10] He brought in Nick Castle, a friend from his film school days at University of Southern California who also played 'The Shape' in Halloween. Castle invented the Cabbie character and came up with the film's ending.

The film's setting proved to be a potential problem for Carpenter, who was overwhelmed with having to create a decaying, semi-destroyed version of New York City on only a shoe-string budget. He and the film's production designer, Joe Alves rejected shooting on location in New York City because it would be too hard to make it look like a destroyed city. Carpenter suggested shooting on a movie back lot but Alves nixed that idea, "because the texture of a real street is not like a back lot."^[11] They sent Barry Bernardi, their location manager (and also associate producer), "on a sort of all-expense-paid trip across the country looking for the worst city in America," producer Debra Hill remembers.^[11]

Bernardi suggested the East St. Louis area of St. Louis, because it was filled with old buildings "that exist in New York now, and [that] have that seedy, run-down quality" that the team was looking for^[12] East St. Louis, which was across the river from the more wealthy parts of St. Louis, had been burned out in 1976 during a massive urban fire. Hill said in an interview, "block after block was burnt-out rubble. In some places there was absolutely nothing, so that you could see three and four blocks away."^[11] As well, Alves found an old bridge to double for the "69th St. Bridge". In St. Louis, the filmaker purchased the Old Chain of Rocks Bridge for one dollar from the government and then gave it back to them for a dollar, "so that they wouldn't have any liability," Hill remembers.^[11]

[edit] Principal photography

Carpenter and his crew convinced the city to shut off the electricity to ten blocks at a time at night and shot most of the movie in the summer of 1979 and 1980. They even found an exact replica of New York's Grand Central Terminal that was deserted and unused. It was a tough, demanding shoot for the filmmaker as he recalls, "We'd finish shooting at about 6 am and I'd just be going to sleep at 7 when the Sun would be coming up. I'd wake up around 5 or 6 pm, depending on whether or not we had dailies, and by the time I got going, the Sun would be setting. So for about two and a half months I never saw daylight, which was really strange."^[10] In addition to shooting on location in St. Louis, Carpenter also shot parts of the film in Los Angeles (shooting interior scenes on a soundstage and the final scenes at the Sepulveda Dam, in Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, California.), New York and Atlanta (to utilize their futuristic-looking rapid transit system).

When it came to shooting in New York City, Carpenter managed to convince the city officials to gain access to Liberty Island. He said, "We were the first film company in history allowed to shoot on Liberty Island, at the Statue of Liberty, at night. They let us have the whole island to ourselves. We were lucky. It wasn’t easy to get that initial permission. They'd had a bombing three months earlier, and were worried about trouble."^[13]

Carpenter was interested in creating two distinct looks for the movie: "One is the police state, high tech, lots of neon, a United States dominated by underground computers; that was easy to shoot compared to the Manhattan Island prison sequences, which had few lights, mainly torch lights, like feudal England."^[13]

Certain matte paintings were rendered by James Cameron, who was at that time a special effects artist with Roger Corman's New World Pictures. When Snake is piloting the glider into the city, there are three screens on the control panel displaying wireframe animations of the landing target on the WTC and surrounding buildings. What appears on those screens was not done on computer. Carpenter wanted "high-tech" looking computer graphics, which were very expensive at the time (even for such a simple animation). To get the animation he wanted, the effects crew filmed the miniature model set of New York City they used for other scenes under blacklight with reflective tape placed along every edge of the model buildings. Only the tape shows up and appears to be a 3D wireframe animation.

[edit] Soundtrack

Escape from New York (Original Film Soundtrack)
Soundtrack by John Carpenter Alan Howarth
Released	April 25, 2000
Recorded	1981
Genre	Soundtrack
Length	57:17
Label	Silva Records
Producer	John Carpenter
Professional reviews
All Music Guide link SoundtrackNet link

A soundtrack album, produced by Carpenter, was released in 1981 on Milan Records and was re-released in 1991 by Varese Sarabande. It featured 13 tracks and ran just over 37 minutes in length. In 2000, an expanded and remastered edition was released by Silva Records.^[14]

[edit] Track listing

All songs written by John Carpenter.

1. "Main Title" – 3:53
2. "Bank Robbery" – 3:30
3. "Prison Introduction" – 0:20
4. "Over the Wall/Airforce One" – 2:22
5. "He's Still Alive/Romero" – 2:12
6. "'Snake' Plissken" – 1:41
7. "Orientation" – 1:47
8. "Tell Him" – 1:46
9. "Engulfed Cathedral [Debussy]" – 3:31
10. "Across the Roof" – 1:14
11. "Descent into New York" – 3:37
12. "Back to the Pod [Version #1]" – 1:34
13. "Everyone's Coming to New York" – 2:24
14. "Don't Go Down There!" – 0:19
15. "Back to the Pod /The Crazies Come Out [Version #2]" – 2:09
16. "I Heard You Were Dead!" – 0:09
17. "Arrival at the Library" – 1:06
18. "You Are the Duke of New York" – 0:16
19. "Duke Arrives/Barricade" – 3:35
20. "President at the Train" – 2:28
21. "Who Are You?" – 0:27
22. "Police Action" – 2:27
23. "Romero and the President" – 1:43
24. "President Is Gone" – 1:53
25. "69th Street Bridge" – 2:43
26. "Over the Wall" – 3:42
27. "The Name Is Plissken" – 0:25
28. "Snake Shake - End Credits" – 3:58

The "Bank Robbery" track also appears on the now out-of-print Big Trouble in Little China soundtrack that was released in 1996.

[edit] Reaction

Escape from New York grossed $25.2 million in American theaters in the summer of 1981, with a similar amount grossed in foreign markets. This resulted in a $50+ million box-office hit, a revenue-to-production ratio of almost 10:1.^[2]

The film received generally positive reviews. It has a rating of 83% on Rotten Tomatoes. Newsweek magazine praised Carpenter's "deeply ingrained B-movie sensibility — which is both his strength and limitation. He does clean work, but settles for too little. He uses Russell well, however."^[15] In Time magazine, Richard Corliss wrote, "John Carpenter is offering this summer's moviegoers a rare opportunity: to escape from the air-conditioned torpor of ordinary entertainment into the hothouse humidity of their own paranoia. It's a trip worth taking."^[16] Vincent Canby, in his review for the New York Times, wrote that the film "is not to be analyzed too solemnly, though. It's a toughly told, very tall tale, one of the best escape (and escapist) movies of the season."^[17] Cyberpunk pioneer William Gibson credits the character Commissioner Hauk as an inspiration for his character "Armitage" in the novel Neuromancer, in which the protagonist is forced to cooperate in a manner similar to the way Snake's cooperation is coerced.^[18] Gibson's novel and the film also both refer to a special forces mission over a Russian city.

[edit] DVD releases

Escape from New York has been released three times on DVD, twice by MGM and once by Momentum Pictures. One of the MGM releases is a bare bones edition containing just the theatrical trailer. The other version is the Collector's Edition, a two-disc set featuring a newly remastered transfer with a 5.1 audio track, two commentaries (one by John Carpenter and Kurt Russell, the other by producer Debra Hill and Joe Alves), a making-of featurette, the first issue of a comic book series entitled John Carpenter's Snake Plissken Chronicles, and a ten-minute deleted opening sequence.^[19] MGM's special edition of the 1981 film wasn't released until 2003 because the original negative had disappeared.

The work print containing deleted scenes finally turned up in a Midwestern storage facility. The excised scenes feature Snake Plissken robbing a bank, introducing the character of Plissken and establishing backstory. Director John Carpenter decided to add the original scenes into the special edition release as an extra only: "After we screened the rough cut, we realized that the movie didn't really start until Snake got to New York. It wasn't necessary to show what sent him there." ^[20]

The cover art on the DVD special edition MGM release for Escape from New York features Snake Plissken in front of New York City engulfed in flames. Snake is holding a gun in his right hand, and his left biceps is exposed. On his arm is a snake tattoo, but in the movie, a different snake tattoo only appears on his stomach while his left arm is conspicuously blank. He also holds a much different gun; an M-16-type flat-top scoped automatic rifle as opposed to a silenced and scoped Ingram MAC-10.

Momentum Pictures released a Region 2 special edition with extras on one disc.

[edit] Novelization

In 1981, Bantam Books published a movie tie-in novel written by Mike McQuay that adopts a lean, humorous style reminiscent of the film. The novel is significant in that it includes scenes that were cut out of the film, like the Federal Reserve Despository robbery that results in Snake's incarceration.^[21] The novel also provides motivation and backstory to both Snake and Hauk — both disillusioned war veterans — deepening their relationship that was only hinted at it in the final film.^[21] The novel explains how Snake lost his eye during the Battle for Leningrad in World War III and how Hauk became warden of New York and of his quest to find his crazy son who lives somewhere in the prison.^[21]

The novel also fleshes out the world that these characters exist in, at times presenting a future even bleaker than the one depicted in the movie.^[21] The west coast is a no-man's land and the country's population is gradually being driven crazy by nerve gas as a result of World War III.^[21]

[edit] Remake

According to a March 12, 2007 article in Variety magazine, Gerard Butler is close to signing a deal where he will play Snake Plissken in a remake of Carpenter's movie.^[4] Neal Moritz will produce and Ken Nolan will write the screenplay which will combine an original story for Plissken with the story from the 1981 movie, although Carpenter has hinted that the film might be a prequel.^[22] An article in the Hollywood Reporter revealed that New Line Cinema has acquired the rights to the film from co-rights holder StudioCanal who will control the European rights and Carpenter who will serve as an executive producer and is quoted as saying, "Snake is one of my fondest creations. Kurt Russell did an incredible job, and it would be fun to see someone else try."^[23]

Russell has recently commented on the remake and his thoughts on the casting of Butler as Plissken: "I will say that when I was told who was going to play Snake Plissken, my initial reaction was "Oh, man!" [Russell winces]. I do think that character was quintessentially one thing. And that is, American."^[24] Len Wiseman was attached to direct but he dropped out of the project and rumors were that Brett Ratner would helm the film.^[25] It has recently been noted that Ratner was never actually attached to this project, no word on who the actual director might be. Gerard Butler has bowed out of his role claiming "creative differences" and the studio has brought Jonathan Mostow in to rewrite, with an option to direct.^[26]

[edit] References

[edit] External links

• Escape from New York at the Internet Movie Database
• Escape from New York at All Movie Guide
• Escape from New York at Rotten Tomatoes

[hide] v • d • e Films directed by John Carpenter
Feature films	Dark Star • Assault on Precinct 13 • Halloween • The Fog • Escape from New York • The Thing • Christine • Starman • Big Trouble in Little China • Prince of Darkness • They Live • Memoirs of an Invisible Man • In the Mouth of Madness • Village of the Damned • Escape from L.A. • Vampires • Ghosts of Mars • Psychopath
Made for television	Someone's Watching Me • Elvis • Body Bags • John Carpenter's Cigarette Burns • John Carpenter's Pro-Life